1160 | | Emperor Frederick Barbarossa hurtles prisoners, including children, at the Italian city of Crema, forcing its surrender. |
1238 | | The Mongols take over Vladimir, Russia. |
1690 | | The first paper money in America is issued in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
1783 | | Spain recognizes United States' independence. |
1904 | | Colombian troops clash with U.S. Marines in Panama. |
1908 | | The U.S. Supreme Court rules that union-sponsored boycotts are illegal, and applies the Sherman Antitrust Act to labor as well as capital. |
1912 | | New U.S. football rules are set: field shortened to 100 yds.; touchdown counts six points instead of five; four downs are allowed instead of three; and the kickoff is moved from midfield to the 40 yd. line. |
1917 | | A German submarine sinks the U.S. liner Housatonic off coast of Sicily. The United States severs diplomatic relations with Germany. |
1920 | | The Allies demand that 890 German military leaders stand trial for war crimes. |
1927 | | President Calvin Coolidge signs a bill creating the Federal Radio Commission to regulate the airwaves. |
1943 | | Finland begins talks with the Soviet Union. |
1944 | | The United States shells the Japanese homeland for the first time at Kurile Islands. |
1945 | | The Allies drop 3,000 tons of bombs on Berlin. |
1945 | | The month-long Battle of Manila begins. |
1954 | | Millions greet Queen Elizabeth in Sydney on her first royal trip to Australia. |
1962 | | President John F. Kennedy bans all trade with Cuba. |
1966 | | Soviet Luna 9 achieves soft landing on the moon. |
1971 | | OPEC decides to set oil prices without consulting buyers. |
1984 | | The Environmental Protection Agency orders a ban on the pesticide EDB for grain products. |
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