| 54 | | Nero succeeds his great uncle Claudius, who was murdered by his wife, as the new emperor of Rome. |
| 1307 | | Members of the Knights of Templar are arrested throughout France, imprisoned and tortured by the order of King Philip the Fair of France. |
| 1399 | | Henry IV of England is crowned. |
| 1670 | | Virginia passes a law that blacks arriving in the colonies as Christians cannot be used as slaves. |
| 1775 | |
The Continental Congress authorizes construction
of two warships, thus instituting an American naval force. |
| 1776 | | Benedict Arnold is defeated at Lake Champlain. |
| 1792 | | President George Washington lays the cornerstone for the White House. |
| 1812 | |
At the Battle of Queenston Heights, a Canadian and
British army defeats the American who have tried to invade Canada. |
| 1849 | | The California state constitution, which prohibits slavery, is signed in Monterey. |
| 1903 | | Boston defeats Pittsburgh in baseball's first World Series. |
| 1904 | | Sigmund Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams is published. |
| 1942 | |
In the first of four attacks, two Japanese battleships
sail down the slot and shell Henderson field on Guadalcanal, in an unsuccessful
effort to destroy the American Cactus Air Force. |
| 1943 | | Italy declares war on Germany. Allied Agony Anzio. |
| 1983 | |
The Space Shuttle Challenger, carrying seven,
the largest crew to date, lands safely at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. |
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